Solution-NCERT-Class-6-Science-Curiosity-Chapter-2-Diversity in the Living World-CBSE

• Plants provide oxygen to the animals to breathe and animals exhale carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which is used by the plants to prepare their own food.
• The Deer and the Trees : Without trees, deer would have no food. Deer eat fruits from trees. When deer move around, they drop the seeds from the fruits in different places. This helps new trees grow in new areas. Without deer and other animals, many trees would not be able to spread their seeds.
• This shows that plants and animals depend on each other to live.

Grouping makes it easier to understand and study plants and animals on the basis of their similarities and differences.

Plants can be grouped as herbs, shrubs, and trees based on their size, stem type, and lifespan.

Hibiscus Leaf — Reticulate Venation

• Veins form a net-like pattern.
• One main midrib, with many branching veins spreading in different directions..

Banana Leaf — Parallel Venation

• Veins run side by side, almost parallel from the base to the tip.
• No net-like network.

Mustard Plant — The root of mustard plant exhibits tap root

• Has one main root called the taproot.
• The main root grows deep into the soil.
• Smaller side roots branch out from the main root.
• Looks like a thick central root with thin branches.

Common Grass — Grass exhibits fibrous root.

• No single main root.
• Has many thin roots of similar size.
• The roots spread outwards close to the soil surface.
• Looks like a bunch of thin, hair-like roots.

• Most plants have roots, but lower plants like mosses do not have true roots.
• Roots are not similar; they can be taproots, fibrous roots, or adventitious roots, depending on the plant.

Grasses usually have a fibrous root system.

Fibrous Root System :

• Many thin, hair-like roots.
• All roots are similar in size.
• They spread outwards near the surface of the soil.

Yes, generally plants with reticulate venation have tap root system while those with parallel venation have fibrous roots. We can find this out by carefully observing the leaves and roots of the plants.

(a) Yes, there is a strong relation among the type of seed, type of root, and leaf venation in flowering plants. As based on the number of cotyledons, they can be of two types, i.e. monocots and dicots.

(b) No, all seeds are not similar.

• Monocots → one cotyledon → fibrous roots → parallel veins
• Dicots → two cotyledons → taproot → reticulate veins

Animals can be grouped on the basis of types of movement they show and the body part they use for the movement.

Yes, the movement of these animals depends upon their surroundings.

• Fish live in water and have streamlined bodies and fins for movement in water.
• On the other hand, goats live in grassy areas and move with the help of legs.

• The biodiversity of one region differs from another because each region has different environmental conditions, and living organisms adapt to those conditions.
• Climate + soil + water + landform + evolution + human impact → Cause biodiversity to vary from one region to another.

Camel of Hot Desert (Rajasthan) :

• Has one hump.
• Short fur on the body.
• Long legs to keep the body away from hot sand.
• Can tolerate very high temperatures.
• Wide padded feet to walk on soft hot sand.

Advantages:

• Short fur helps in heat loss.
• One hump stores fat, which provides water and energy when food is scarce.
• Long legs keep the body cool by staying far from hot ground.
• Feet prevent sinking into sand.

Camel of Cold Desert (Ladakh) :

• Has two humps.
• Thick, long fur to protect from cold.
• Shorter, sturdier legs.
• Can survive extremely low temperatures.
• Feet are thick and strong to walk on rocky, icy terrain.

Advantages:

• Thick fur provides warmth in freezing climates.
• Two humps store more fat, useful during long winters with little food.
• Short, strong legs help in climbing rocky or snowy ground.
• Adapted to breathe in thin, cold air.

Other than long legs, wide hooves and presence of hump, camels survive in the desert by excreting small amounts of urine, excreting dry dung and by not sweating. This helps them conserve water from their bodies and survive in the desert without drinking water.

Plants and animals can be grouped in different ways based on the habitats in which they live.

Plants and animals can be grouped as aquatic, terrestrial, desert, mountain, polar, aerial, arboreal, etc., depending on where they live and how they adapt to that habitat.

Here are the major groups :

Grouping of Plants Based on Habitat :

Aquatic Plants (Water plants) : Lotus, water hyacinth, hydrilla.

Terrestrial Plants (Land plants): These are further divided based on the type of land:

• Desert plants: Cactus, date palm
• Grassland plants: Grasses, shrubs
• Mountain plants: Pine, fir
• Tropical rainforest plants: Tall trees like mahogany
• Mangrove plants: Rhizophora (plants in salty water)

Grouping of Animals Based on Habitat :

• Terrestrial Animals : Tiger, elephant, dog.
• Aquatic Animals : Fish, whale, octopus.
• Amphibians : Frog, salamander.
• Arboreal Animals : Monkey, koala.
• Aerial Animals : Birds, bats, insects.
• Desert Animals : Camel, desert fox.
• Polar Animals : Polar bear, penguin.

• The destruction of habitat would make species of plants and animals go extinct, which would affect the survival of other species. If a goat does not get grass to eat, it could die.
• No, fish cannot survive without water as water is essential for its survival.

• Wheat is a monocot seed and has fibrous roots with parallel venation in its leaves
• Kidney beans is a dicot seed and has have tap roots with reticulate venation in its leaves.

• Aquatic animals (A) = Dolphin and Whale
• Terrestrial animals (B) = Horse, Sheep, Squirrel, Pigeon and Earthworm.
• Animals living on land and sea both (C) = Frog, Tortoise and Crocodile.

• Radish has one thick, swollen main root. This is called a tap root.
• Its leaves show reticulate venation.

Similarities between Mountain Goat and Plain Goat

• Both have four legs and hooves.
• Both are herbivores – they eat grasses, leaves, shrubs, etc.
• Both have hair/fur covering their bodies.

Differences between Mountain Goat and Plain Goat :

Reasons for These Differences :

These differences exist because both goats live in different habitats:

Mountain Goat :

• Lives in cold, snowy mountains
• Needs thick fur to stay warm
• Needs strong hooves to climb steep rocky slopes
• Needs a stocky body for balance and stability

Plain Goat :

• Lives in warmer plains
• Does not need thick fur
• Hooves suitable for flat ground
• Body adapted for walking and running, not climbing

The following animals can be grouped as follows

1. Animals that can fly : Pigeon and Bat.
2. Animals that cannot fly : Cow, Cockroach, Tortoise, Whale, Fish, Grasshopper and Lizard.

As population increases and people demand more comfort, forests are cut down for land, wood and development.

This leads to,

• air pollution,
• global warming,
• soil erosion,
• floods,
• loss of wildlife,
• disturbance of the water cycle,
• which together upset the balance of nature.

To address this challenge,

• we must plant more trees,
• use forest resources wisely,
• reduce waste,
• promote sustainable development,
• enforce strict laws against illegal cutting of trees.
• Creating environmental awareness and using eco-friendly alternatives can also help protect our forests and surroundings.

A : Hibiscus leaves

B : Banana plants

Sanjay can ask Raj to clarify whether the Gudhal (hibiscus) plant is truly a shrub:

1. Does the hibiscus plant have multiple woody stems coming from the base?
2. Is the plant shorter than a tree and not very tall?
3. Are the stems thin, hard, and woody instead of soft and green?
4. Does the plant live for many years like other shrubs?
5. Is it smaller in height but bigger than a herb?

These questions help identify whether the hibiscus shows the main features of a shrub.

On the basis of the information given in the table.

Examples of group A are - chickpea, mustard etc.

Examples of group B are - maize, rice, etc.

(a) Plants of group A have reticulate venation.

(b) Plants of group B have parallel venation.

Ducks have webbed, broad feet unlike other birds whose toes are separate. This special foot structure helps the duck swim efficiently in water. The webbing helps push water backward, allowing the duck to move smoothly and quickly in water, just like a paddle.