Solution-Class-11-Science-Biology-Chapter-4-Kingdom Animalia-Maharashtra Board

a. Comb jelly

c. Rohu

c. mesoderm is present in patches

a. Presence of teeth

c. Millipede

Crocodile shows a near four chambered condition in reptiles?

Phylum Annelida is the first phylum to represent closed circulation

No, Aves and Reptiles do not show extemal ear in any form. They possess tympanum which represents the ear.

Yes fish and frog can respire in water.

Respiration in Fish :

Though fishes primarily respire through gills, cutaneous respiration (gas exchange across skin) accounts for about 5 to 40% of total respiration in fishes, depending on species and temperature. Also, fishes breathe through their skin in juvenile stages, when the specialized respiratory organs are not developed completely.

Respiration in Frog :

Frogs are amphibians that live on land as well as in water. The larval stage of frog (tadpole) are aquatic and breathe through gills and skin. However, they lose their gills as they metamorphise into adults. Adult frogs breathe through their lungs on land and through skin when in water. Though amphibians have lungs they majorly use their moist skin for respiration, even on land.

• In birds, the forelimbs are modified into wings for flying.
• They possess stream-lined body to reduce resistance during flight.
• Bones are hollow or pneumatic to reduce body weight.
• In order to reduce body Weight, females possess only left ovary and oviduct
• Body is covered by feathers to facilitate flying.

Cnidarians and ctenophorans show tissue level of body organization

No, the protective covering is not made up of same material in crab and snail. The protective covering of crabs is made up of chitin and that of snails is made up of calcium carbonate. _

No, they do not belong to same phylum. Sponges belong to phylum Porifera and sea star belongs to phylum Echinodermata.

Fishes have dermal scales covering the body surface whereas snakes have epidermal scales or scutes.

Yes, it is also found in class Amphibia qf phylum Chordata

The organism in the given picture is Comb jelly (Red midwater Comb jelly) and it belongs to phylum Ctenophora.

Features of phylum Ctenophora :

• Habitat: They are exclusively marine.
• Forms: They are free swimming animals.
• Germ layers: Members of this phylum are diploblastic.
• Body Symmetry: They are radially symmetrical.
• Body plan: The animals of this phylum show blind-sac body plan.
• Body organization: They show tissue level organization.
• Locomotion: It is carried out by eight rows of ciliated comb plates.
• Bioluminescencee: It is the characteristic feature of the members of this phylum.
• Digestion: It is extracellular and intracellular.
• Reproduction: Reproduction is sexual with indirect development.
• Colloblasts: These sticky cells are used to capture prey.

The organism in the given picture is Eel and it belongs to phylum Chordata.

Features of phylum Chordata :

• Presence of cartilagenous notochord at least in early embryonic life,
• Presence of gill slits in the pharyngeal (neck) region,
• Presence of hollow, dorsal nerve cord running throughout the length of body and ventral heart.

The given organism in the given picture is Dolphin and it belongs to class Mammalia.

Features of class Mammalia:

• Special feature: Presence of mammary glands (milk producing glands) for the nourishment of young ones. Mammary glands are modified sweat glands.
• Habitat: Mammals are omnipresent (present everywhere). These are mostly terrestrial, some are aquatic and few are aerial and arboreal (living on trees).
• Locomotion: Limbs are the organs of locomotion and are modified for walking, climbing, burrowing, swimming, etc.
• Body division: Body is differentiated into head, neck, trunk and tail. They have external ear (pinna).
• Body temperature: Mammals are homeotherms or warm-blooded animals. i.e., keep the body temperature constant irrespective of fluctuations in environmental temperature.
• Exoskeleton: It is in the form of hair, fur, nails, hooves, horns, etc.
• Skin: Skin is glandular and has sweat glands and sebaceous (oil) glands.
• Mouth cavity: Mammals show heterodont dentition (various types of teeth like incisors, canines, premolars and molars).
• Circulation: Heart is ventral in position, four chambered with two auricles and two ventricles. RBCs are biconcave and enucleated (except camel). Blood is red in colour. ‘Respiration: Respiration takes place by lungs.
• Nervous system: Brain is highly developed. Cerebrum shows a transverse band called corpus callosum.
• Reproduction and development: Only few mammals are oviparous. e.g. Duck billed platypus. Some have pouches for development of immature young ones. These are called marsupials. e.g. Kangaroo. Most of the mammals are placental and viviparous.

The given organism is Snake and it belongs to class Reptilia

Features of class Reptilia:

• Habitat: They are crawling animals. They are the first true terrestrial vertebrates. Few may be aquatic or semi-aquatic and are also found in marshy areas.
• Locomotion: Locomotion occurs by limbs in most animals. The limbs are pentadactyl with clawed digits, which help the animal to walk, creep or crawl. Snakes are limbless and crawl on their belly.
• Body temperature: They are called poikilotherms as their body temperature changes according to the change in surrounding temperature.
• Exoskeleton: Skin is dry, non-glandular and covered by an exoskeleton of epidermal scales or scutes, shields or plates. Lizards and snake shed their skin periodically.
• Ear: Tympanum is present
• Circulatory system: It has two complete auricles but the ventricles are incompletely partitioned. Therefore, the heart of reptiles is not perfectly four chambered (except in crocodile the heart is four chambered).
• Nervous system: The brain is well developed. The olfactory lobes and cerebellum are better developed as compared to amphibians.
• Reproduction: Sexes are separate and exhibit prominent sexual dimorphism. Fertilization is internal and the animals are oviparous (exception - viper, it is viviparous). They show little parental care.

The given organism is Sea nrchin and belongs to phylum Echinodermata.

Features of Phylum Echinodermata :

• Habitat: These are exclusively marine.
• Forms: Members of this phylum are solitary, sedentary or free-living and gregarious, benthic.
• Body symmetry: These animals are radially symmetrical with pentamerous symmetry. Adult echinoderms are radially symmetrical but larval forms are bilaterally symmetrical.
• Shape: Members of Echinodermata are spherical, elongated or star - shaped.
• Body: The endoskeleton is made up of calcareous ossicles. Spines are formed on the body. Hence they are known as echinoderms. The body has two sides oral and aboral and lacks definite divisions. Mouth is ventrally present on oral surface and anus on aboral surface.
• Water vascular system: Presence of water vascular system is the peculiar character of echinoderms. Madreporite is the opening of water vascular system through which water enters. Water vascular system is useful in locomotion, food capturing, and respiration.
• Digestion: Digestive system is complete.
• Respiration: Peristomial gills, papillae, respiratory tree, etc. are used for respiration.
• Circulatory and excretory systems: Absent in echinoderms.
• Nervous system: Nervous system is simple with a nerve ring around the mouth and radial nerves in arms.
• Reproduction and development: Sexes are separate (sometimes bisexual). Fertilization is external. Development is indirect, i.e. through larval stages. They show high power of regeneration. Larvae of echinoderms are free - swimming.

The given organism is flying lizard and belongs to class Reptilia.

Features of class Reptilia :

• Habitat: They are crawling animals. They are the first true terrestrial vertebrates. Few may be aquatic or semi-aquatic and are also found in marshy areas.
• Locomotion: Locomotion occurs by limbs in most animals. The limbs are pentadactyl with clawed digits, which help the animal to walk, creep or crawl. Snakes are limbless and crawl on their belly.
• Body temperature: They are called poikilotherms as their body temperature changes according to the change in surrounding temperature.
• Exoskeleton: Skin is dry, non-glandular and covered by an exoskeleton of epidermal scales or scutes, shields or plates. Lizards and snake shed their skin periodically.
• Ear: Tympanum is present
• Circulatory system: It has two complete auricles but the ventricles are incompletely partitioned. Therefore, the heart of reptiles is not perfectly four chambered (except in crocodile the heart is four chambered).
• Nervous system: The brain is well developed. The olfactory lobes and cerebellum are better developed as compared to amphibians.
• Reproduction: Sexes are separate and exhibit prominent sexual dimorphism. Fertilization is internal and the animals are oviparous (exception - viper, it is viviparous). They show little parental care.

The organism is Herdmania and belongs to Phylum Chordata (Subphylum Urochordata).

It is called Chordate as it shows the following features

• Presence of notochord at least in early embryonic life. (In Herdmania, notochord is present in the tail of the larval forms).
• Presence of hollow, dorsal nerve chord, running throughout the length of the body.
• Presence of pharyngeal gill slits.
• Presence of post-anal tail.

Features of Phylum Chordata (Subphylum Urochordata)

• Habitat: They are exclusively marine.
• Body covering: Sot body is covered by ‘test’ or ‘tunic’ which is made up of tunicine.
• Notochord: Notochord is present only in the tail of the larva and is lost during metamorphosis. Hence, the name Urochordata.
• Respiration: Pharynx with many gill slits for respiration.
• Circulation: Closed circulatory system is present.
• Reproduction: Development is indirect.

The organism in the given picture is Nautilus and it belongs to phylum Mollusca. .

Features of Phylum Mollusca :

• Habitat: They are aquatic or seen in marshy places. Few of them are terrestrial.
• Forms: Molluscs are either free-living or sedentary.
• Body plan: These are soft bodied and show tube within a tube type of body plan.
• Body symmetry: Most of the Molluscs show bilateral symmetry but few are asymmetrical due to torsion (twisting). .
• Body division: Body consists of head, foot and visceral mass. Visceral mass is enclosed in thick, muscular fold of body wall called mantle. Mantle secretes a hard calcareous shell that may be external or internal or absent. Muscular foot is present ventrally. '
• Digestive system: Digestive system is well-developed and complete with anterior mouth and posterior anus. Buccal cavity has a rasping organ called radula (helps in feeding), which is provided with transverse rows of teeth.
• Respiration: In aquatic forms, numerous feather-like gills called ctenidia, help in aquatic respiration. Terrestrial forms may show the presence of lungs.
• Circulatory system: Circulatory system is of open type (except in Sepia, where it is of the closed type). Blood contains a copper containing blue coloured respiratory pigment called haemocyanin.
• Excretion: Excretion occurs by kidney like structures, also called ‘Organ of Bojanus’.
• Nervous system and Sense organs: Nervous system has three pairs of ganglia. All these ganglia are interconnected by commissures and connectives.
• Sense organs: Sense organs such as eyes or vision tentacles for tactile sensation and osphradia for testing purity of water is present.
• Sexual reproduction: Sexes are usually separate. Animals of this phylum are mostly oviparous and the development is direct or indirect.

The organism in the given picture is Amphioxus and it belongs to Phylum Chordata (Subphylum Cephalochordata).

Phylum Chordata (Subphylum Cephalochordata):

• Cephalochordates are also known as lancelets and are small fish-like animals that rarely exceed 5 cm in length
• Lancelets are exclusively marine and live partly buried in soft marine sediments
• Notochord extends throughout entire length of the body and persists throughout life.
• Myotomes (muscle blocks) are present.
• Post anal tail is present.
• Circulatory system is closed type. Blood lacks pigment.